ExxonMobil, dogged by investors seeking to tip the board and strategy in its favor, on Tuesday laid out a detailed plan that it promised would fuel growth for decades to come.

The presentation outlined how the energy major plans to “grow shareholder value, protect the dividend and transition to a lower-carbon future.” The strategy plan preceded quarterly earnings, scheduled to be issued on Friday, and the annual shareholder meeting planned on May 26.

“ExxonMobil has laid a solid foundation for success,” CEO Darren Woods said. “Our board and management have developed and are executing a strategy which has positioned us for future outperformance relative to peers, including paying a reliable and growing dividend. 

“We are uniquely placed to help society meet its...