Coming off unseasonably chilly weather a week earlier, temperatures and natural gas spot prices moderated across much of the country for the week ended Friday (Nov. 2) as markets looked for signs of when winter heating will begin in earnest. NGI’s Weekly Spot Gas National Avg. fell 29.0 cents to $2.950/MMBtu.

Weekly spot prices sold off across demand centers in the Midwest and Northeast. Chicago Citygate tumbled 29.5 cents to $3.130, while Transco Zone 6 NY fell 43.0 cents to $2.870.

In Appalachia, producers in and around the Dominion South market got some bullish news during the week as FERC signed off on Rover Pipeline LLC’s Sherwood and CGT laterals, foretelling more supply optionality for the 3.25 Bcf/d east-to-west line for the upcoming winter.

Meanwhile, West Texas producers continued to run up against constraints as evidenced by widening basis differentials at points like Waha, which fell 51.5 cents on the week to $1.435.

In the Rockies, amid reports of restoration progress following last month’s pipeline rupture on Enbridge Inc.’s Westcoast Transmission system in British Columbia, Northwest Sumas pulled back from recent price spikes. Weekly prices there were nearly halved, giving up $3.580 to average $4.245.

Natural gas futures rebounded Friday on colder trends for the second week of November, with more volatility from weather models for a market keenly focused on shifts in the temperature outlook.

The December Nymex contract added 4.7 cents to settle at $3.284/MMBtu after trading in a fairly wide range from $3.166 to $3.313. For the week, the prompt month gained 14.5 cents after opening at $3.139 Monday.

“Confidence is low as run-to-run changes in all weather models remain incredibly large,” Bespoke Weather Services said Friday. “Recent trends have been across all guidance, indicating our models as a whole are struggling to ingest upstream data. This is not surprising given an extremely volatile Pacific, but it does indicate that very significant model volatility should continue over the weekend and into next week, and that today’s cold trends that led to a major reversal in price were not the last forecast change we should see.”

Bespoke still expects warmer trends for mid-November and for bearish risks to eventually win out as balances loosen further.

“However, weather remains the sole focus this early in the season with stocks so low, and the colder trends early in Week 2 are both believable and intense enough to make the surprise spike in prices today justified,” the forecaster said. “The best warm signal we have been watching is mid-month, primarily from Nov. 13-20. In this time frame we would look for models to warm over the weekend, and we do look for a more solid long-range warm signal when we return on Monday.”

NatGasWeather noted a nearly 40 Bcf increase in projected demand based on the Friday afternoon European ensemble, a “massive amount between successive model runs in ensemble data.

A cold shot expected from next Thursday to Saturday (Nov. 8-10) “still looks to be more impressive than the reinforcing cool shot that follows Nov. 11-13, but the combination of the two should lead to considerably larger than normal heating degree day totals compared to the 30-year average and should result in the first weekly draw on supplies of the season,” the forecaster said.

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) reported a 48 Bcf injection into Lower 48 natural gas stocks for the week ended Oct. 26, slightly below survey averages, prompting a mixed reaction from the futures market.

After probing above $3.310 in early trading Thursday on some colder temperatures expected during the second week of November, only to drop back to around $3.270 after 9 a.m. ET, Nymex front-month futures got a brief jolt at 10:30 a.m. ET as traders caught their first glimpse of the final number. The December contract briefly added about 1.5 cents to trade as high as $3.295, but within minutes prices reversed to probe as low as $3.252.

Shortly after 11 a.m. ET, December was trading down around $3.241, off 2.0 cents from Wednesday’s 3.261 settle.

The 48 Bcf build widens the year-on-year and year-on-five-year deficits on the last report week before the start of the traditional November-to-March winter heating season. Last year EIA recorded a 65 Bcf injection for the week, and the five-year average is a build of 62 Bcf.

Prior to Thursday’s report, predictions from market participants had clustered around the low-50 Bcf range. A Reuters poll had a range of 38 Bcf to 60 Bcf, with a median injection of 50 Bcf. A Bloomberg survey showed a range of 42 Bcf to 66 Bcf, with a median of 52 Bcf.

Total working gas in underground storage stood at 3,143 Bcf as of Oct. 26, down 623 Bcf (16.5%) from last year and 638 Bcf (16.9%) below the five-year average, according to EIA.

By region, the South Central posted the largest build for the week at 23 Bcf, including 16 Bcf injected into salt and 8 Bcf into nonsalt. The Midwest posted a 22 Bcf net build for the week, while only 1 Bcf was refilled in the East. The Mountain saw a 3 Bcf injection, while Pacific inventories held flat week/week, according to EIA.

While the week’s storage build widened deficits, it was loose on a weather-adjusted basis, according to analysts.

“Compared to degree days and normal seasonality, the 48 Bcf injection is about 4.3 Bcf/d loose versus the five-year average,” Genscape Inc. analysts Margaret Jones and Eric Fell said. “Total power generation was down around 4 average GWh versus last week.

“Collectively, nuclear and renewable generation were down around 2 average GWh week/week (w/w) as solar and hydro collectively were up around 1 average GWh and wind was down 3 average GWh w/w. Coal was up around 0.5 average GWh w/w, and gas generation was down a little over 3.5 average GWh for an estimated 0.7 Bcf/d less gas burn w/w.”

Analysts with Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co. (TPH) viewed the market as about 3.0 Bcf/d oversupplied on a weather-adjusted basis for the report week.

“Record high supply (87.7 Bcf/d) remains at odds with record low inventories (about 10% below the five-year minimum),” the TPH team said. “Cooler-than-normal temperatures through mid-November will likely cause prices to migrate higher, but prices remain capped by expectations for El Nino and ramping supply.”

After posting 1 Bcf/d sequential gains in each of the previous three months, Lower 48 natural gas production growth slowed for the first half of October to 0.6 Bcf/d, according to Jefferies LLC.

“The first half of the month was impacted by offshore and Gulf production that was shut in due to Hurricane Michael,” Jefferies analysts said. “Growth continued in the second half of October, which was up 1.2 Bcf/d compared to September and recently set a new daily high above 85 Bcf/d. October growth was driven by Appalachia (up 0.7 Bcf/d sequentially) and the Haynesville Shale (up 0.4 Bcf/d), offset by declines in other areas.”

On the demand side, residential/commercial demand was up 2.6 Bcf/d year/year in October thanks to colder weather, while power burn was up 1.8 Bcf/d year/year in October, the analysts said.

Meanwhile, recent 3Q2018 earnings results have led the Jefferies team to wonder if growth in Appalachia could slow. The analysts pointed in particular to slower-than-expected growth projections from EQT Corp., Cabot Oil & Gas Corp. and Range Resources Corp.

“Combined, we estimate that these three producers represented about 30% of Appalachia dry gas production during 3Q0218,” they said. “If other gassy operators follow these initial Appalachia producers in showing more restraint on production growth, it could create more tightness in the gas market as we head toward a large uptick” in liquefied natural gas demand expected in late 2019 and early 2020.

With most of the Appalachia-focused exploration and production companies having reported earnings results as of Friday, based on their revised 2018 spending figures and consensus capital expenditure (capex) estimates from Bloomberg, Appalachia capex is estimated to rise 5% next year, according NGI’s Patrick Rau, director of Strategy & Research.

“That’s not nothing, but it’s certainly below the pace seen in more recent years,” Rau said.

Physical prices gained in the Northeast Friday as chillier temperatures were expected to move in over the weekend, while mild conditions pressured prices lower for weekend and Monday delivery across much of the rest of the country.

NatGasWeather on Friday was calling for a weather system to push through the East over the weekend, bringing heavy showers and lows down into the 30s and 40s.

“Warm high pressure will cover the western and southern U.S. this weekend with mild to warm conditions, which will expand to include the East” during the upcoming week, the forecaster said. A cool shot for the central United States in the week ahead was expected to “gradually push into the southern and east-central U.S. as the week progresses with lows of teens to 30s.”

Transco Zone 6 NY jumped 27.0 cents to $3.065, while Tenn Zone 6 200L gained 6.5 cents to $3.245.

Tennessee Gas Pipeline (TGP) was expected to begin a single-day pigging run Monday that would impact about 90 MMcf/d of flows through its Station 245 in Onondaga County, NY, according to Genscape analyst Dominic Eggerman.

“The pigging will reduce operational capacity through Station 245 to 815 MMcf/d,” Eggerman said. “Flows through the compressor station have averaged around 855 MMcf/d over the past 30 days, and have maxed out at 962 MMcf/d. Based on current forecasts, there is an upside chance for cold weather in New England” on Monday (Nov. 5) that “could likely drive demand to align with historical maximum nominations — potentially cutting about 90 MMcf/d of gas flows on TGP toward New England.”

Further upstream, prices strengthened in Appalachia as well. Dominion South added 8.0 cents to $2.800. Elsewhere, prices sold off across most of the middle third of the country Thursday, with even steeper declines posted in the West.

The constrained West Texas producing region was hit particularly hard as prices eased at surrounding demand centers. El Paso Permian tumbled 23.5 cents to $1.330, while Waha dropped 18.0 cents to $1.280.

Northern Natural Gas had a system underrun limitation in effect for Friday and continuing for the next several days, citing “major underperformance at several Field Area delivery points located in the Permian Basin area. “Northern has limited operational flexibility due to high line pack and capacity constraints to accommodate underperformance at these delivery points,” it told shippers Friday.

Further downstream, El Paso S. Mainline/N. Baja tumbled $1.040 to $1.475, while mild temperatures in the forecast for Southern California helped send prices lower there as well entering the weekend. SoCal Citygate shed $1.375 to $3.300.