Market participants hoping for sustained natural gas prices above $3/MMBtu may have to keep hoping, because the fundamentals suggest it’s not going to happen, not even under the “craziest scenario,” according to Drillinginfo’s Bernadette Johnson.

Johnson, vice president in charge of the Austin, TX-based firm’s market intelligence, told attendees at the 2019 Oil & Gas Investment Symposium (OGIS) in New York City Monday that her team expects Henry Hub prices to average around $2.75 this year and $2.60 in 2020, with a long-term range around $2.65-2.70.

Even under outlier scenarios natural gas doesn’t stay above $3 for long, she said.

The force likely to contain prices in Drillinginfo’s outlook is the same underlying force that sent spot prices in West Texas deep into the negatives last week — associated gas growth from the Permian Basin.

Along with the gas-focused giants in the Northeast, the Marcellus and Utica shales, the crude-focused Permian will be one of the main drivers of natural gas production growth moving forward, according to Johnson. This is after accounting for the “push to live within cash flow” that has led to reduced activity for exploration and production companies.

RBN Energy LLC recently made a similar prediction for robust natural gas production growth from crude-focused plays over the next five years, a trend that could “wreak havoc” on gas markets.

“Five years ago, six years ago, the Permian wasn’t really a player” in terms of gas production, Johnson said. “This associated gas coming out of the Permian is so dramatic…that it is effectively going to keep a lid on pricing for natural gas. Prices for gas have been below $3 for a long time. They’re going to stay below $3…

“We do this every day, all day, and I can’t think of a way that gas prices jump up above $3 for any sustained period of time. No way. Black swan events. Anything, even the craziest scenario, we can’t think of a way gas prices bump up above $3 and stay there.”

Johnson further noted that, if anything, its Permian production estimate could be too conservative.

“If any of these numbers, if there’s risk around them, it’s probably on the supply side, and we might be conservative predicting natural gas supply,” she said.

The congestion that has pressured prices lower in the Permian should see some relief later this year as new pipeline capacity comes online. However, based on the current slate of proposed projects, some analysts have suggested that the market could be overbuilding. There’s also the question of where the pipes that do get built will go with all this associated gas and whether there’s a market for it, according to Johnson.

“That’s a lot of pipe, and it looks like we’re overbuilding,” Johnson said. “Some of those may not happen, and then it’s going to come down to where are they going? Do we need 6 Bcf/d in Agua Dulce in South Texas? No, because Mexican demand is not growing that fast. So this is going to be all about where they actually land.

“Are we just moving the bottleneck downstream?,” to the Katy hub near Houston “or regions like that? Probably,” she said. “…This is not going to solve their problem. These pipes are going to help, but we’re just going to move the bottleneck downstream.”

Only so much Permian gas can go south of the border into Mexico.

“It’s not going to be this infinite market where we can continue to send all this Permian production,” Johnson said. “It’s going to have to go other places as well.”

That could be where liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports come in, but even the global market has its limits. Drillinginfo is forecasting 10 Bcf/d of growth by 2024, up from recent levels around 5.5 Bcf/d.

“We tend to break conservative, but we’re looking at the global market. The global LNG market, that’s moving around on ship, is about 40 Bcf/d. So can we grow faster than that?” she asked. “We’re not sending it into this giant, infinite market. That for us is probably the limiting factor. So 10 Bcf/d is based on all of those things.”

The sub-$3 natural gas world that Drillinginfo forecasts long-term leans heavily on LNG takeaway to balance itself, according to the analyst.

“If we’re going to balance the natural gas market, LNG exports are going to have to be strong,” Johnson said. “If that fails to happen for any reason, you’re not going to have $2.85 pricing, you’re going to have $2.15 pricing. Exports are key. Any kind of trouble in that export market is really going to dictate U.S. natural gas prices going forward.”